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What's changing and when
According to the U.S. Department of Education, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act was passed in 2025 and makes the biggest change to Parent PLUS loans since the program started. Here's what's happening:
The new caps (starting July 1, 2026)
- Annual limit: $20,000 per dependent student per year
- Lifetime limit: $65,000 per dependent student total
This means if you have two kids in college, you can borrow up to $40,000 each year--$20,000 for each child.
The "legacy" rule (if you've already borrowed)
If you took out a Parent PLUS loan before July 1, 2026, you're protected. You can keep borrowing under the old rules (up to the full cost of attendance) for up to three more years or until your student finishes their program, whichever comes first.
Repayment changes
New Parent PLUS loans taken after July 1, 2026 can only use the Standard Repayment Plan. You won't have access to income-driven repayment plans that let you base your payment on what you earn. This is a significant change from current options.
What you need to know about Parent PLUS loans
How Parent PLUS loans work
Parent PLUS loans are federal loans that let parents borrow money to help pay for their child's undergraduate education. Unlike student loans the student borrows themselves, Parent PLUS loans are in the parent's name and the parent is responsible for repaying them.
The amount you can borrow depends on the cost of your child's school, minus any other financial aid they receive (like scholarships or grants). Previously, there was no cap--you could borrow whatever you needed.
Who can borrow
You need to be the biological or adoptive parent of a dependent undergraduate student. Your student also needs to be enrolled at least half-time at an eligible college.
The credit check
Here's where Parent PLUS loans differ from other federal student loans. Parent PLUS loans require a credit check. The lender is looking for what's called an "adverse credit history."
You'll likely be denied if you have:
- Recent charged-off accounts
- Collections accounts
- Delinquent accounts with a balance over $2,085
Good news: if you're denied, you have options. You can find an endorser (another adult willing to co-sign) or appeal the denial to the Department of Education.
Current interest rates and fees
For 2025-2026, Parent PLUS loans have an interest rate of 8.94%. For loans disbursed July 1, 2026 through June 30, 2027, the Parent PLUS rate is 9.07%. The 2025-26 rate applies to loans disbursed between July 1, 2025 and June 30, 2026.
There's also a loan origination fee (roughly 4.2%) that gets taken out before you receive the money.
Why these new caps matter
Rankings
Compare private student loan options
Compare College Ave, Earnest, and Sallie Mae — with Sallie's rate matched to this program where available.
- Rank #1Editor's Pick
Parent

College Ave
Best for: Students who want flexible repayment options and no origination fees
- 0.25% rate reduction with auto-pay
- Four in-school repayment options
- No application, origination, or prepayment fees
- Borrow from $1,000 up to 100% of cost of attendance
Apply NowRates
Lowest Rate 1.94%
1.94% - 17.99% fixed APR, 3.89% - 17.99% variable APR
Disclosures+
College Ave's student loan products are made available through Firstrust Bank, member FDIC, First Citizens Community Bank, member FDIC, or BTG Pactual Bank, N.A., member FDIC. All loans are subject to individual approval and adherence to underwriting guidelines. Program restrictions, other terms, and conditions apply. (1) All rates include the auto-pay discount. The 0.25% auto-pay interest rate reduction applies as long as a valid bank account is designated for required monthly payments. If a payment is returned, you will lose this benefit. Variable rates may increase after consummation. (2) As certified by your school and less any other financial aid you might receive. Minimum $1,000. (3) This informational repayment example uses typical loan terms for a freshman borrower who selects the Deferred Repayment Option with a 10-year repayment term, has a $10,000 loan that is disbursed in one disbursement and a 8.35% fixed Annual Percentage Rate (APR): 120 monthly payments of $179.18 while in the repayment period, for a total amount of payments of $21,501.54. Loans will never have a full principal and interest monthly payment of less than $50. Your actual rates and repayment terms may vary. Information advertised valid as of 8/18/2026. Variable interest rates may increase after consummation. Approved interest rate will depend on creditworthiness of the applicant(s), lowest advertised rates only available to the most creditworthy applicants and require selection of the Flat Repayment Option with the shortest available loan term.
- Rank #2
Parent

Sallie Mae
Best for: Undergraduate and graduate students, and parents, comparing competitive fixed- and variable-rate private student loans
- Competitive variable and fixed rates
- Multiple repayment options
- Cosigner release available
- No origination fees
Apply NowRates
Lowest Rate 1.95%
1.95% - 17.49% fixed APR, 3.75% - 16.95% variable APR
Disclosures+
Undergraduate School Loan/Smart Option Student Loan: Examples of typical transactions for a $10,000 Smart Option Student Loan with the most common fixed rate, Fixed Repayment Option, two disbursements, a 4-year in-school period, and a 6-month grace: For a borrower with the shortest loan term, it works out to 16.16% fixed APR, 51 payments of $25.00, 119 payments of $296.32 and one payment of $41.82, for a total loan cost of $36,578.90. For a borrower with the longest loan term, it works out to 16.38% fixed APR, 51 payments of $25.00, 177 payments of $265.54 and one payment of $173.00, for a total loan cost of $48,448.58. Loans that are subject to a $50 minimum principal and interest payment amount may receive a loan term that is less than 10 years. A variable APR may increase over the life of the loan. A fixed APR will not. Information advertised valid as of 08/25/2026. Rates: Advertised APRs for undergraduate students assume a $10,000 loan with a 4-year in-school period, a 6-month grace, and the longest loan term offered. Interest rates for variable rate loans may increase or decrease over the life of the loan based on changes to the 30-day Average Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of one percent. Advertised variable rates are the starting range of rates and may vary outside of that range over the life of the loan. Interest is charged starting when funds are sent to the school. With the Fixed and Deferred Repayment Options, the interest rate is higher than with the Interest Repayment Option and Unpaid Interest is added to the loan's Current Principal at the end of the grace/separation period. To receive a 0.25 percentage point interest rate discount, the borrower or cosigner must enroll in auto debit through Sallie Mae. The discount applies only during active repayment for as long as the Current Amount Due or Designated Amount is successfully withdrawn from the authorized bank account each month. It may be suspended during forbearance or deferment. Cosigner Release: Only the borrower may apply for cosigner release. To do so, they must first meet the age of majority in their state and provide proof of graduation (or completion of certification program), income, and U.S. citizenship or permanent residency (if their status has changed since they applied). In the last 12 months, the borrower can't have been past due on any loans serviced by Sallie Mae for 30 or more days or enrolled in any hardship forbearances or modified repayment programs. In addition, the borrower must have paid ahead or made 12 on-time principal and interest payments on each loan requested for release. The loan can't be past due when the cosigner release application is processed. The borrower must also demonstrate the ability to assume full responsibility of the loan(s) individually and pass a credit review when the cosigner release application is processed that demonstrates a satisfactory credit history including but not limited to no: bankruptcy, foreclosure, student loan(s) in default or 90-day delinquencies in the last 24 months. Requirements are subject to change.
- Rank #3
Parent

Earnest
Best for: Borrowers who want a zero-fee¹ lender with flexible repayment options² across undergrad, grad, and professional school programs
- 0.25% Auto Pay³ discount plus 0.25% Loyalty⁴ discount for eligible returning borrowers
- No origination fees, late fees, or prepayment penalties¹
- Borrow $1,000⁵ to $400,000 with 5, 7, 10, 12, or 15-year terms⁶
- Four repayment options², a 9-month grace period⁷, and cosigner release for eligible borrowers⁸
Check EligibilityRates
Lowest Rate 2.29%
2.29% - 16.24% fixed APR, 4.74% - 16.60% variable APR
Disclosures+
Earnest Private Student Loans are subject to credit approval. ¹Earnest does not charge fees for origination, late payments, returned check, or prepayments. Florida Stamp Tax: For Florida residents, Florida documentary stamp tax is required by law, calculated as $0.35 for each $100 (or portion thereof) of the principal loan amount, the amount of which is provided in the Final Disclosure. Lender will add the stamp tax to the principal loan amount. The full amount will be paid directly to the Florida Department of Revenue. Certificate of Registration No. 78-8016373916-1. ²Repayment terms and repayment options available vary based on loan type. ³You can take advantage of the Auto Pay interest rate reduction by setting up and maintaining active and automatic ACH withdrawal of your loan payment from a checking or savings account. The interest rate reduction for Auto Pay will be available only while your loan is enrolled in Auto Pay. Interest rate incentives for utilizing Auto Pay may not be combined with certain private student loan repayment programs that also offer an interest rate reduction. It is important to note that the 0.25% Auto Pay discount is not available when loan payments are deferred during the interim period as a result of selecting the deferred repayment option. ⁴To be eligible for the Loyalty Discount, applicants must have previously obtained an Earnest Private Student Loan and apply using the same email address associated with that loan. Only one Loyalty Discount may be applied per eligible Earnest Private Student Loan. Not all applicants may qualify. This offer cannot be combined with Earnest’s Rate Match program. Earnest may modify or discontinue this offer at any time and without notice, however, once a Loyalty Discount is earned, it will not be taken away. ⁵Residents of Hawaii must request a loan of at least $1,501. ⁶Available interest rates are subject to change. Interest rates as of 03/19/2026. Earnest’s Loan Cost Examples: 1.) These examples provide estimates based on principal and interest payments beginning immediately upon loan disbursement. Variable annual percentage rate ("APR"): A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $152.84) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.85% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $27,511.20. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed APR: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $150.30) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.49% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $27,054.10. 2.) These examples provide estimates based on interest-only payments while in school. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $152.84) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.85% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $35,515.14. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $140.42 for 57 months. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $150.30) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.49% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $34,886.94. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $137.42 for 57 months. 3.) These examples provide estimates based on fixed $25 payments while in school. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $253.39) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.92% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $47,035.20. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $246.61) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.65% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $45,814.80. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $25.00. 4.) These examples provide estimates based on deferred payments. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $275.17) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.67% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $49,530.60. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $268.03) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.39% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $48,245.40. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. It is important to note that the 0.25% Auto Pay discount is not available when the deferred repayment option has been selected and the loan is in the interim period. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $0. ⁷Nine-month grace period is not available for borrowers who choose our Principal and Interest Repayment plan while in school. ⁸To qualify for automatic cosigner release, the outstanding principal balance of your loan must be paid down to 50% or less of the original principal balance. The primary borrower must have made 36 months of required payments after the end of the Interim Period. The primary borrower must meet our eligibility and minimum credit requirements. Additional terms and conditions may apply. To request cosigner release, the primary borrower must have made 12 consecutive, monthly on-time principal and interest payments (or an amount equal thereto) immediately preceding the cosigner release application. The primary borrower must satisfy certain eligibility and credit criteria at the time of application. Additional terms and conditions may apply. ⁹Includes 0.50% combined Auto Pay and Loyalty discounts. Actual rate and available repayment terms will vary based on your financial profile. Fixed annual percentage rates (APR) range from 2.79% to 16.74% (2.29% - 16.24% with Auto Pay and Loyalty discounts). Variable annual percentage rates (APR) range from 5.24% to 17.1% (4.74% - 16.6% with Auto Pay and Loyalty discounts). Earnest variable interest rate student loans are based on a publicly available index, the 30-day Average Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The variable rate is based on the rate published on the 25th day, or the next business day, of the preceding calendar month, rounded to the nearest hundredth of a percent plus a margin and will change on the 1st of each month. The rate will not increase more than once a month, but there is no limit on the amount that the rate could increase at one time. Our lowest rates are only available for our most credit qualified existing cosigned loan borrowers who receive the 0.25% Loyalty discount and requires selection of our shortest term offered, full principal and interest payment while in school, and enrollment in our 0.25% Auto Pay discount. Enrolling in Auto Pay is not required as a condition for approval. Interest rates are subject to change. Earnest Private Student Loans are made by FinWise Bank, Member FDIC. FinWise Bank, 756 East Winchester, Suite 100, Murray, UT 84107. Earnest student loans are serviced by Earnest Operations LLC, 300 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza, Suite 340, Oakland, CA 94612. NMLS #1204917, with support from Higher Education Loan Authority of the State of Missouri (MOHELA) (NMLS# 1442770). FinWise Bank and Earnest LLC and its subsidiaries, including Earnest Operations LLC, are not sponsored by agencies of the United States of America. © 2026 Earnest LLC. All rights reserved.
Before July 1, 2026
Parents could borrow up to the full cost of attendance. At expensive colleges--some costing $80,000+ per year--this meant parents could take on massive loans.
After July 1, 2026
With a $20,000 annual cap, parents borrowing for an expensive school will hit the limit quickly. After that, families need other solutions.
The bigger picture
As of 2026, roughly 3.6 million parents hold Parent PLUS loans totaling more than $114 billion in debt. The typical parent balance is around $32,000. These caps aim to prevent debt from growing even larger.
What repayment looks like for Parent PLUS loans
Available repayment plans
Parent PLUS loans offer several paths:
Standard Repayment: Fixed payments over 10 years. This usually means the highest monthly payment but you pay the least interest.
Extended Repayment: Stretched payments over up to 25 years. Lower monthly payments, but you'll pay more interest over time.
Graduated Repayment: Payments start lower and increase every two years. Good if you expect your income to rise.
Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR): Your payment is based on your income, family size, and total federal student loan debt. The catch? You can only access ICR by consolidating your Parent PLUS loans into a Direct Consolidation Loan. After 25 years, any remaining balance is forgiven.
What happened with the consolidation window
The window to consolidate existing Parent PLUS loans for income-driven repayment access closed on June 30, 2026. Any new Parent PLUS loans disbursed after July 1, 2026 are only eligible for the Standard Repayment Plan.
Alternatives worth exploring
With the new caps in place, families have good reason to explore other ways to pay for college:
Federal loans for students
Your student can borrow directly through federal student loans, which often have lower interest rates and more repayment flexibility than Parent PLUS loans. Most students qualify for Direct Unsubsidized loans without a credit check.
Grants and scholarships
These don't need to be repaid. Encourage your student to search for merit scholarships, need-based grants, and private scholarships from employers and nonprofits.
Private parent loans
Some private lenders offer loans specifically for parents. Compare at least three to five options to find the best rate. Keep in mind private loans typically have stricter credit requirements and fewer repayment options than federal loans.
Home equity lines of credit
If you own a home, a home equity line of credit (HELOC) might offer a lower interest rate than Parent PLUS loans. However, this puts your home at risk if you can't repay.
Having your student work or attend a less expensive school
Sometimes the answer isn't borrowing more--it's either earning more (your student working part-time or full-time) or choosing a more affordable college option.
How to plan right now
1. Get clear on the real cost
Use your school's Net Price Calculator to see what your family will actually pay after grants and scholarships. This tells you whether the new $20,000 cap will be enough.
2. Review your student's federal loan options
Your student should maximize federal loans (they’re safer and more flexible) before you turn to Parent PLUS. Undergraduate students can typically borrow $5,500–$7,500 per year in federal loans, depending on their grade level.
3. Consider consolidating now (if you have old loans)
This consolidation window closed on June 30, 2026. Any Parent PLUS loans consolidated after that date are limited to the Standard Repayment Plan and do not qualify for income-driven repayment.
4. Explore scholarships and grants
Work with your student's financial aid office to find every grant, scholarship, and work-study opportunity available.
5. Plan with the caps in mind
If you're borrowing starting July 1, 2026, budget for $20,000 per year per child. If that's not enough, decide now what other sources (student loans, private loans, savings, or adjusting school choice) will bridge the gap.
FAQ
Q: If I've already borrowed Parent PLUS loans, do the new caps apply to me?
A: Not immediately. If you borrowed before July 1, 2026, you can continue borrowing under the old rules (up to full cost of attendance) for up to three more academic years or until your student graduates, whichever comes first.
Q: Can I still get income-driven repayment after July 1, 2026?
A: Not for new Parent PLUS loans. New loans taken after July 1, 2026 can only use the Standard Repayment Plan. The consolidation window that would have preserved income-driven access closed on June 30, 2026.
Q: What happens if I can only borrow $20,000 but my child's school costs $40,000?
A: Your student can borrow more through federal student loans, or you can explore private loans, grants, scholarships, or other sources. Some families also choose to adjust their school selection or have their student work part-time.
Q: Is Parent PLUS still a good option?
A: It depends. Parent PLUS loans are federal loans with consistent rules and protections. The new caps do limit how much you can borrow, so it's worth comparing with private options and ensuring you're making a deliberate choice.
Q: Will my interest rate go up?
A: Interest rates for Parent PLUS loans are set annually based on Treasury auction results. The 2025-26 rate is 8.94%. The 2026-27 rate (for loans disbursed July 1, 2026 through June 30, 2027) is 9.07%.
Q: What if I have an adverse credit history?
A: You may still qualify with an endorser (someone co-signing the loan who has a clean credit history), or you can appeal the denial. Your student can also borrow more federal loans directly.
The bottom line
The new Parent PLUS loan caps aren't necessarily bad--they do prevent some families from taking on unsustainable debt. But they do mean planning ahead matters more than ever. Start by knowing your real costs, maximizing your student's federal borrowing, and exploring grants and scholarships. Then decide whether Parent PLUS loans fit into your family's overall strategy.
The good news? You have time to plan. If your student hasn't yet borrowed, use that time now to explore every option. If you already have Parent PLUS loans, understand your current options--especially around consolidation and repayment--so you can make choices that work for your family's situation.
Start your free CollegeLens plan → to explore your true college costs and compare funding options.
Sravani at CollegeLens
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