Refinancing a student loan means replacing it with a new private loan at — hopefully — a lower interest rate. Done at the right time, it can save you thousands of dollars. Done at the wrong time, it can cost you protections you'll wish you still had. For undergraduate borrowers and recent grads, timing is almost everything.
This guide explains when refinancing starts to make sense, which loans you should (and shouldn't) refinance, and the milestones that tell you you're ready.
What Refinancing Actually Does
When you refinance, a private lender pays off one or more of your existing loans and issues you a brand-new loan with new terms. Your goal is a lower interest rate, a different repayment term, or both. Two things to understand up front:
- Refinancing is not federal consolidation. A federal Direct Consolidation Loan combines federal loans but keeps them federal. Refinancing always moves your debt to a private lender.
- Refinancing federal loans is permanent. Once a federal loan is refinanced into a private one, you can never get back income-driven repayment, deferment options, or forgiveness programs like PSLF.
Why Most Current Undergrads Should Wait
If you're still in school, refinancing rarely makes sense yet. Here's why:
- Your credit profile is still thin. Refinance lenders offer their best rates to borrowers with established credit and steady income. Most students don't have either yet, which means a refinance now would likely come with a mediocre rate — or require a cosigner all over again.
- In-school protections are valuable. Federal loans (and many private ones) don't require payments while you're enrolled. A refinanced loan usually starts repayment right away.
- Subsidized loans are interest-free while enrolled. Refinancing a subsidized loan while in school turns an interest-free balance into one that accrues daily. That's a guaranteed loss.
The exception: if you have an older, high-rate private loan and a cosigner with strong credit, a refinance quote costs nothing and a soft-pull prequalification won't hurt anyone's score. It's worth checking — just compare carefully.
The Milestones That Signal You're Ready
Rankings
Compare private student loan options
Compare College Ave, Earnest, and Sallie Mae — with Sallie's rate matched to this program where available.
- Rank #1Editor's Pick
College Ave
Best for: Students who want flexible repayment options and no origination fees
- 0.25% rate reduction with auto-pay
- Four in-school repayment options
- No application, origination, or prepayment fees
- Borrow from $1,000 up to 100% of cost of attendance
Apply NowRates
Lowest Rate 2.19%
2.19% - 17.99% fixed APR, 3.89% - 17.99% variable APR
Disclosures+
College Ave's student loan products are made available through Firstrust Bank, member FDIC, First Citizens Community Bank, member FDIC, or BTG Pactual Bank, N.A., member FDIC. All loans are subject to individual approval and adherence to underwriting guidelines. Program restrictions, other terms, and conditions apply. (1) All rates include the auto-pay discount. The 0.25% auto-pay interest rate reduction applies as long as a valid bank account is designated for required monthly payments. If a payment is returned, you will lose this benefit. Variable rates may increase after consummation. (2) As certified by your school and less any other financial aid you might receive. Minimum $1,000. (3) This informational repayment example uses typical loan terms for a freshman borrower who selects the Deferred Repayment Option with a 10-year repayment term, has a $10,000 loan that is disbursed in one disbursement and a 8.35% fixed Annual Percentage Rate (APR): 120 monthly payments of $179.18 while in the repayment period, for a total amount of payments of $21,501.54. Loans will never have a full principal and interest monthly payment of less than $50. Your actual rates and repayment terms may vary. Information advertised valid as of 7/20/2026. Variable interest rates may increase after consummation. Approved interest rate will depend on creditworthiness of the applicant(s), lowest advertised rates only available to the most creditworthy applicants and require selection of the Flat Repayment Option with the shortest available loan term.
- Rank #2
Sallie Mae
Best for: Undergraduate and graduate students, and parents, comparing competitive fixed- and variable-rate private student loans
- Competitive variable and fixed rates
- Multiple repayment options
- Cosigner release available
- No origination fees
Apply NowRates
Lowest Rate 2.39%
2.39% - 17.49% fixed APR, 3.75% - 16.95% variable APR
Disclosures+
Undergraduate School Loan/Smart Option Student Loan: Examples of typical transactions for a $10,000 Smart Option Student Loan with the most common fixed rate, Fixed Repayment Option, two disbursements, a 4-year in-school period, and a 6-month grace: For a borrower with the shortest loan term, it works out to 16.16% fixed APR, 51 payments of $25.00, 119 payments of $296.32 and one payment of $41.82, for a total loan cost of $36,578.90. For a borrower with the longest loan term, it works out to 16.38% fixed APR, 51 payments of $25.00, 177 payments of $265.54 and one payment of $173.00, for a total loan cost of $48,448.58. Loans that are subject to a $50 minimum principal and interest payment amount may receive a loan term that is less than 10 years. A variable APR may increase over the life of the loan. A fixed APR will not. Information advertised valid as of 07/02/2026. Rates: Advertised APRs for undergraduate students assume a $10,000 loan with a 4-year in-school period, a 6-month grace, and the longest loan term offered. Interest rates for variable rate loans may increase or decrease over the life of the loan based on changes to the 30-day Average Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of one percent. Advertised variable rates are the starting range of rates and may vary outside of that range over the life of the loan. Interest is charged starting when funds are sent to the school. With the Fixed and Deferred Repayment Options, the interest rate is higher than with the Interest Repayment Option and Unpaid Interest is added to the loan's Current Principal at the end of the grace/separation period. To receive a 0.25 percentage point interest rate discount, the borrower or cosigner must enroll in auto debit through Sallie Mae. The discount applies only during active repayment for as long as the Current Amount Due or Designated Amount is successfully withdrawn from the authorized bank account each month. It may be suspended during forbearance or deferment. Cosigner Release: Only the borrower may apply for cosigner release. To do so, they must first meet the age of majority in their state and provide proof of graduation (or completion of certification program), income, and U.S. citizenship or permanent residency (if their status has changed since they applied). In the last 12 months, the borrower can't have been past due on any loans serviced by Sallie Mae for 30 or more days or enrolled in any hardship forbearances or modified repayment programs. In addition, the borrower must have paid ahead or made 12 on-time principal and interest payments on each loan requested for release. The loan can't be past due when the cosigner release application is processed. The borrower must also demonstrate the ability to assume full responsibility of the loan(s) individually and pass a credit review when the cosigner release application is processed that demonstrates a satisfactory credit history including but not limited to no: bankruptcy, foreclosure, student loan(s) in default or 90-day delinquencies in the last 24 months. Requirements are subject to change.
- Rank #3
Earnest
Best for: Borrowers who want a zero-fee¹ lender with flexible repayment options² across undergrad, grad, and professional school programs
- 0.25% Auto Pay³ discount plus 0.25% Loyalty⁴ discount for eligible returning borrowers
- No origination fees, late fees, or prepayment penalties¹
- Borrow $1,000⁵ to $400,000 with 5, 7, 10, 12, or 15-year terms⁶
- Four repayment options², a 9-month grace period⁷, and cosigner release for eligible borrowers⁸
Check EligibilityRates
Lowest Rate 2.29%
2.29% - 16.24% fixed APR, 4.74% - 16.60% variable APR
Disclosures+
Earnest Private Student Loans are subject to credit approval. ¹Earnest does not charge fees for origination, late payments, returned check, or prepayments. Florida Stamp Tax: For Florida residents, Florida documentary stamp tax is required by law, calculated as $0.35 for each $100 (or portion thereof) of the principal loan amount, the amount of which is provided in the Final Disclosure. Lender will add the stamp tax to the principal loan amount. The full amount will be paid directly to the Florida Department of Revenue. Certificate of Registration No. 78-8016373916-1. ²Repayment terms and repayment options available vary based on loan type. ³You can take advantage of the Auto Pay interest rate reduction by setting up and maintaining active and automatic ACH withdrawal of your loan payment from a checking or savings account. The interest rate reduction for Auto Pay will be available only while your loan is enrolled in Auto Pay. Interest rate incentives for utilizing Auto Pay may not be combined with certain private student loan repayment programs that also offer an interest rate reduction. It is important to note that the 0.25% Auto Pay discount is not available when loan payments are deferred during the interim period as a result of selecting the deferred repayment option. ⁴To be eligible for the Loyalty Discount, applicants must have previously obtained an Earnest Private Student Loan and apply using the same email address associated with that loan. Only one Loyalty Discount may be applied per eligible Earnest Private Student Loan. Not all applicants may qualify. This offer cannot be combined with Earnest’s Rate Match program. Earnest may modify or discontinue this offer at any time and without notice, however, once a Loyalty Discount is earned, it will not be taken away. ⁵Residents of Hawaii must request a loan of at least $1,501. ⁶Available interest rates are subject to change. Interest rates as of 03/19/2026. Earnest’s Loan Cost Examples: 1.) These examples provide estimates based on principal and interest payments beginning immediately upon loan disbursement. Variable annual percentage rate ("APR"): A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $152.84) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.85% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $27,511.20. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed APR: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $150.30) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.49% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $27,054.10. 2.) These examples provide estimates based on interest-only payments while in school. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $152.84) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.85% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $35,515.14. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $140.42 for 57 months. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $150.30) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.49% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $34,886.94. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $137.42 for 57 months. 3.) These examples provide estimates based on fixed $25 payments while in school. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $253.39) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.92% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $47,035.20. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $246.61) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.65% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $45,814.80. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $25.00. 4.) These examples provide estimates based on deferred payments. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $275.17) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.67% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $49,530.60. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $268.03) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.39% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $48,245.40. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. It is important to note that the 0.25% Auto Pay discount is not available when the deferred repayment option has been selected and the loan is in the interim period. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $0. ⁷Nine-month grace period is not available for borrowers who choose our Principal and Interest Repayment plan while in school. ⁸To qualify for automatic cosigner release, the outstanding principal balance of your loan must be paid down to 50% or less of the original principal balance. The primary borrower must have made 36 months of required payments after the end of the Interim Period. The primary borrower must meet our eligibility and minimum credit requirements. Additional terms and conditions may apply. To request cosigner release, the primary borrower must have made 12 consecutive, monthly on-time principal and interest payments (or an amount equal thereto) immediately preceding the cosigner release application. The primary borrower must satisfy certain eligibility and credit criteria at the time of application. Additional terms and conditions may apply. ⁹Includes 0.50% combined Auto Pay and Loyalty discounts. Actual rate and available repayment terms will vary based on your financial profile. Fixed annual percentage rates (APR) range from 2.79% to 16.74% (2.29% - 16.24% with Auto Pay and Loyalty discounts). Variable annual percentage rates (APR) range from 5.24% to 17.1% (4.74% - 16.6% with Auto Pay and Loyalty discounts). Earnest variable interest rate student loans are based on a publicly available index, the 30-day Average Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The variable rate is based on the rate published on the 25th day, or the next business day, of the preceding calendar month, rounded to the nearest hundredth of a percent plus a margin and will change on the 1st of each month. The rate will not increase more than once a month, but there is no limit on the amount that the rate could increase at one time. Our lowest rates are only available for our most credit qualified existing cosigned loan borrowers who receive the 0.25% Loyalty discount and requires selection of our shortest term offered, full principal and interest payment while in school, and enrollment in our 0.25% Auto Pay discount. Enrolling in Auto Pay is not required as a condition for approval. Interest rates are subject to change. Earnest Private Student Loans are made by FinWise Bank, Member FDIC. FinWise Bank, 756 East Winchester, Suite 100, Murray, UT 84107. Earnest student loans are serviced by Earnest Operations LLC, 300 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza, Suite 340, Oakland, CA 94612. NMLS #1204917, with support from Higher Education Loan Authority of the State of Missouri (MOHELA) (NMLS# 1442770). FinWise Bank and Earnest LLC and its subsidiaries, including Earnest Operations LLC, are not sponsored by agencies of the United States of America. © 2026 Earnest LLC. All rights reserved.
For most undergraduate borrowers, refinancing starts making sense one to three years after graduation, once several of these are true:
- You have steady income. Lenders typically want to see stable employment and a debt-to-income ratio they're comfortable with.
- Your credit score has grown. Most refinance lenders want a score in the high 600s at minimum; the advertised lowest rates usually require 750+.
- Rates have moved in your favor. Compare your current rates against today's refinance offers. If the gap is less than half a point, the savings rarely justify the lost protections.
- You don't need federal safety nets. If there's any chance you'll want income-driven repayment, PSLF, or extended deferment, do not refinance your federal loans — no rate is worth it.
- You want to release a cosigner. Refinancing in your own name frees your parent or grandparent from the original loan, which is sometimes reason enough even at a similar rate.
Which Loans to Refinance First
Not all loans deserve the same treatment. Sort your loans into three buckets:
- High-rate private loans: refinance candidates. These carry no federal protections to lose, so the decision is pure math. If you borrowed at 12-14% with a thin credit file and you now qualify for 7%, that's real money saved.
- Federal loans at high rates: think carefully. PLUS loans at 8.94% can look tempting to refinance. But run through milestone #4 honestly first — federal flexibility has rescued a lot of borrowers who thought they'd never need it.
- Subsidized and low-rate federal loans: usually keep. A 3-5% federal loan with full protections is rarely worth trading for a private loan at a similar rate.
How to Time the Market (Without Obsessing)
You can't perfectly time interest rates, but a few habits help:
- Check prequalified rates two or three times a year. Soft-pull quotes don't affect your credit, and rates change with the broader market.
- Refinance after credit milestones, not calendar dates. A year of on-time payments, a salary bump, or paying off a credit card can all noticeably improve your offer.
- You can refinance more than once. If rates drop again after you refinance, most lenders charge no fees to do it again. Your first refinance doesn't have to be your last.
Common Timing Mistakes to Avoid
- Refinancing during your grace period without checking the new start date. You might trade six months of breathing room for an immediate first payment.
- Refinancing federal loans for a small rate cut. Saving 0.25% is not worth losing income-driven repayment for the life of the loan.
- Stretching the term to lower the payment. A 20-year refinance can lower your monthly bill but raise your total cost dramatically. Compare total repayment cost, not just the payment.
- Forgetting the cosigner conversation. If a parent cosigned your original loan, refinancing affects them too — tell them before you apply, not after.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I refinance student loans while still in college?
Usually not — most refinance lenders require a completed degree or several years of payment history. And for federal loans, refinancing while enrolled gives up in-school benefits you're actively using.
How soon after graduation can I refinance?
Many lenders will approve a refinance as soon as you have a job offer or steady income, even during your grace period. Whether you should depends on the rate offered and which protections you'd give up.
Does checking refinance rates hurt my credit?
Prequalification uses a soft credit pull, which doesn't affect your score. A hard pull only happens when you formally apply. Rate-shop multiple lenders within a short window so any hard pulls count as one inquiry.
Should I refinance federal student loans in 2026?
Be extra cautious right now. Federal repayment is changing — SAVE has been terminated and the new Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP) launches July 1, 2026. Know exactly which plans you'd be giving up before moving any federal loan to a private lender.
The Bottom Line
For undergrads, the refinancing question is mostly a "later" question: build credit, land steady income, then run the numbers on your private loans first and your federal loans almost never. When the rate gap is real and the protections don't matter for your situation, refinancing is one of the simplest ways to cut the cost of money you've already borrowed.
And if you're still deciding how much to borrow in the first place, that's the cheaper problem to solve. Create your free CollegeLens plan to compare what each school really costs and keep your future refinance balance as small as possible.
Sravani at CollegeLens
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