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How to Compare Private Student Loan Options

With OBBBA capping Parent PLUS at $20K/year and eliminating Grad PLUS for new borrowers in 2026, more families need private loans. Learn how to compare APR, fixed vs. variable rates, cosigner policies, fees, and repayment options across top lenders.

Sravani Atluri

Sravani Atluri

April 18, 2026Updated April 22, 202611 min read

Updated:

On this page (13 sections)

When federal loans don't cover your college costs, private student loans can help bridge the gap. With major changes to federal lending taking effect in July 2026 under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), more families than ever will need to understand private loan options. This guide walks you through what matters most when comparing lenders, rates, fees, and repayment plans.

Why Private Loans Matter More in 2026

The OBBBA, signed into law in 2025, reshapes federal student lending starting July 1, 2026. Two changes stand out:

  • Parent PLUS loans are now capped at $20,000 per year and $65,000 over a student's lifetime. Families who previously relied on Parent PLUS to cover the full gap between aid and cost of attendance may now need private loans to make up the difference.
  • Grad PLUS loans are eliminated for new borrowers as of July 1, 2026. Graduate and professional students who need to borrow beyond their federal Direct Loan limits must now turn to private lenders.

These caps mean private loans are no longer just a backup plan. For many families, they are now a necessary part of the funding picture. That makes comparing your options carefully more important than ever.

APR vs. Interest Rate: What's the Real Difference?

These terms get used interchangeably, but they mean different things. The interest rate is what you pay on the borrowed money. The APR (annual percentage rate) includes the interest rate plus any fees the lender charges, expressed as a yearly rate.

If a lender quotes 5% APR on a $20,000 loan with a 1% origination fee, that fee is factored into the APR. You might see the interest rate alone at 4.8%, but the APR shows the true yearly cost: 5%. Always compare APRs when you look at different loans, not just interest rates.

Fixed vs. Variable Rates: Stability or Savings?

Rankings

Compare private student loan options

Compare College Ave, Earnest, and Sallie Mae — with Sallie's rate matched to this program where available.

  1. Rank #1Editor's Pick

    Undergrad

    College Ave logo

    College Ave

    Best for: Students who want flexible repayment options and no origination fees

    • 0.25% rate reduction with auto-pay
    • Four in-school repayment options
    • No application, origination, or prepayment fees
    • Borrow from $1,000 up to 100% of cost of attendance

    Rates

    Lowest Rate 2.39%

    2.39% - 17.99% fixed APR, 3.89% - 17.99% variable APR

    Apply Now
    Disclosures+

    College Ave's student loan products are made available through Firstrust Bank, member FDIC, First Citizens Community Bank, member FDIC, or BTG Pactual Bank, N.A., member FDIC. All loans are subject to individual approval and adherence to underwriting guidelines. Program restrictions, other terms, and conditions apply. (1) All rates include the auto-pay discount. The 0.25% auto-pay interest rate reduction applies as long as a valid bank account is designated for required monthly payments. If a payment is returned, you will lose this benefit. Variable rates may increase after consummation. (2) As certified by your school and less any other financial aid you might receive. Minimum $1,000. (3) This informational repayment example uses typical loan terms for a freshman borrower who selects the Deferred Repayment Option with a 10-year repayment term, has a $10,000 loan that is disbursed in one disbursement and a 8.35% fixed Annual Percentage Rate (APR): 120 monthly payments of $179.18 while in the repayment period, for a total amount of payments of $21,501.54. Loans will never have a full principal and interest monthly payment of less than $50. Your actual rates and repayment terms may vary. Information advertised valid as of 7/1/2026. Variable interest rates may increase after consummation. Approved interest rate will depend on creditworthiness of the applicant(s), lowest advertised rates only available to the most creditworthy applicants and require selection of the Flat Repayment Option with the shortest available loan term.

  2. Rank #2

    Undergrad

    Sallie Mae logo

    Sallie Mae

    Best for: Undergraduate and graduate students, and parents, comparing competitive fixed- and variable-rate private student loans

    • Competitive variable and fixed rates
    • Multiple repayment options
    • Cosigner release available
    • No origination fees

    Rates

    Lowest Rate 2.39%

    2.39% - 17.49% fixed APR, 3.75% - 16.95% variable APR

    Apply Now
    Disclosures+

    Undergraduate School Loan/Smart Option Student Loan: Examples of typical transactions for a $10,000 Smart Option Student Loan with the most common fixed rate, Fixed Repayment Option, two disbursements, a 4-year in-school period, and a 6-month grace: For a borrower with the shortest loan term, it works out to 16.16% fixed APR, 51 payments of $25.00, 119 payments of $296.32 and one payment of $41.82, for a total loan cost of $36,578.90. For a borrower with the longest loan term, it works out to 16.38% fixed APR, 51 payments of $25.00, 177 payments of $265.54 and one payment of $173.00, for a total loan cost of $48,448.58. Loans that are subject to a $50 minimum principal and interest payment amount may receive a loan term that is less than 10 years. A variable APR may increase over the life of the loan. A fixed APR will not. Information advertised valid as of 07/02/2026. Rates: Advertised APRs for undergraduate students assume a $10,000 loan with a 4-year in-school period, a 6-month grace, and the longest loan term offered. Interest rates for variable rate loans may increase or decrease over the life of the loan based on changes to the 30-day Average Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of one percent. Advertised variable rates are the starting range of rates and may vary outside of that range over the life of the loan. Interest is charged starting when funds are sent to the school. With the Fixed and Deferred Repayment Options, the interest rate is higher than with the Interest Repayment Option and Unpaid Interest is added to the loan's Current Principal at the end of the grace/separation period. To receive a 0.25 percentage point interest rate discount, the borrower or cosigner must enroll in auto debit through Sallie Mae. The discount applies only during active repayment for as long as the Current Amount Due or Designated Amount is successfully withdrawn from the authorized bank account each month. It may be suspended during forbearance or deferment. Cosigner Release: Only the borrower may apply for cosigner release. To do so, they must first meet the age of majority in their state and provide proof of graduation (or completion of certification program), income, and U.S. citizenship or permanent residency (if their status has changed since they applied). In the last 12 months, the borrower can't have been past due on any loans serviced by Sallie Mae for 30 or more days or enrolled in any hardship forbearances or modified repayment programs. In addition, the borrower must have paid ahead or made 12 on-time principal and interest payments on each loan requested for release. The loan can't be past due when the cosigner release application is processed. The borrower must also demonstrate the ability to assume full responsibility of the loan(s) individually and pass a credit review when the cosigner release application is processed that demonstrates a satisfactory credit history including but not limited to no: bankruptcy, foreclosure, student loan(s) in default or 90-day delinquencies in the last 24 months. Requirements are subject to change.

  3. Rank #3

    Undergrad

    Earnest logo

    Earnest

    Best for: Borrowers who want a zero-fee¹ lender with flexible repayment options² across undergrad, grad, and professional school programs

    • 0.25% Auto Pay³ discount plus 0.25% Loyalty⁴ discount for eligible returning borrowers
    • No origination fees, late fees, or prepayment penalties¹
    • Borrow $1,000⁵ to $400,000 with 5, 7, 10, 12, or 15-year terms⁶
    • Four repayment options², a 9-month grace period⁷, and cosigner release for eligible borrowers⁸

    Rates

    Lowest Rate 2.29%

    2.29% - 16.24% fixed APR, 4.74% - 16.60% variable APR

    Check Eligibility
    Disclosures+

    Earnest Private Student Loans are subject to credit approval. ¹Earnest does not charge fees for origination, late payments, returned check, or prepayments. Florida Stamp Tax: For Florida residents, Florida documentary stamp tax is required by law, calculated as $0.35 for each $100 (or portion thereof) of the principal loan amount, the amount of which is provided in the Final Disclosure. Lender will add the stamp tax to the principal loan amount. The full amount will be paid directly to the Florida Department of Revenue. Certificate of Registration No. 78-8016373916-1. ²Repayment terms and repayment options available vary based on loan type. ³You can take advantage of the Auto Pay interest rate reduction by setting up and maintaining active and automatic ACH withdrawal of your loan payment from a checking or savings account. The interest rate reduction for Auto Pay will be available only while your loan is enrolled in Auto Pay. Interest rate incentives for utilizing Auto Pay may not be combined with certain private student loan repayment programs that also offer an interest rate reduction. It is important to note that the 0.25% Auto Pay discount is not available when loan payments are deferred during the interim period as a result of selecting the deferred repayment option. ⁴To be eligible for the Loyalty Discount, applicants must have previously obtained an Earnest Private Student Loan and apply using the same email address associated with that loan. Only one Loyalty Discount may be applied per eligible Earnest Private Student Loan. Not all applicants may qualify. This offer cannot be combined with Earnest’s Rate Match program. Earnest may modify or discontinue this offer at any time and without notice, however, once a Loyalty Discount is earned, it will not be taken away. ⁵Residents of Hawaii must request a loan of at least $1,501. ⁶Available interest rates are subject to change. Interest rates as of 03/19/2026. Earnest’s Loan Cost Examples: 1.) These examples provide estimates based on principal and interest payments beginning immediately upon loan disbursement. Variable annual percentage rate ("APR"): A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $152.84) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.85% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $27,511.20. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed APR: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $150.30) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.49% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $27,054.10. 2.) These examples provide estimates based on interest-only payments while in school. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $152.84) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.85% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $35,515.14. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $140.42 for 57 months. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $150.30) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.49% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $34,886.94. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $137.42 for 57 months. 3.) These examples provide estimates based on fixed $25 payments while in school. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $253.39) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.92% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $47,035.20. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $246.61) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.65% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $45,814.80. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $25.00. 4.) These examples provide estimates based on deferred payments. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $275.17) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.67% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $49,530.60. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $268.03) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.39% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $48,245.40. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. It is important to note that the 0.25% Auto Pay discount is not available when the deferred repayment option has been selected and the loan is in the interim period. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $0. ⁷Nine-month grace period is not available for borrowers who choose our Principal and Interest Repayment plan while in school. ⁸To qualify for automatic cosigner release, the outstanding principal balance of your loan must be paid down to 50% or less of the original principal balance. The primary borrower must have made 36 months of required payments after the end of the Interim Period. The primary borrower must meet our eligibility and minimum credit requirements. Additional terms and conditions may apply. To request cosigner release, the primary borrower must have made 12 consecutive, monthly on-time principal and interest payments (or an amount equal thereto) immediately preceding the cosigner release application. The primary borrower must satisfy certain eligibility and credit criteria at the time of application. Additional terms and conditions may apply. ⁹Includes 0.50% combined Auto Pay and Loyalty discounts. Actual rate and available repayment terms will vary based on your financial profile. Fixed annual percentage rates (APR) range from 2.79% to 16.74% (2.29% - 16.24% with Auto Pay and Loyalty discounts). Variable annual percentage rates (APR) range from 5.24% to 17.1% (4.74% - 16.6% with Auto Pay and Loyalty discounts). Earnest variable interest rate student loans are based on a publicly available index, the 30-day Average Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The variable rate is based on the rate published on the 25th day, or the next business day, of the preceding calendar month, rounded to the nearest hundredth of a percent plus a margin and will change on the 1st of each month. The rate will not increase more than once a month, but there is no limit on the amount that the rate could increase at one time. Our lowest rates are only available for our most credit qualified existing cosigned loan borrowers who receive the 0.25% Loyalty discount and requires selection of our shortest term offered, full principal and interest payment while in school, and enrollment in our 0.25% Auto Pay discount. Enrolling in Auto Pay is not required as a condition for approval. Interest rates are subject to change. Earnest Private Student Loans are made by FinWise Bank, Member FDIC. FinWise Bank, 756 East Winchester, Suite 100, Murray, UT 84107. Earnest student loans are serviced by Earnest Operations LLC, 300 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza, Suite 340, Oakland, CA 94612. NMLS #1204917, with support from Higher Education Loan Authority of the State of Missouri (MOHELA) (NMLS# 1442770). FinWise Bank and Earnest LLC and its subsidiaries, including Earnest Operations LLC, are not sponsored by agencies of the United States of America. © 2026 Earnest LLC. All rights reserved.

Fixed-rate loans have the same interest rate for the entire repayment period. Your monthly payment stays the same. This is predictable and safe. You know exactly what you will pay each month for the next 10, 15, or 20 years.

Variable-rate loans start with a lower rate but change over time based on a benchmark called the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). Your payment could increase, sometimes dramatically, if SOFR rises. Variable loans are tempting when you see a low promotional rate, but remember that rate can jump.

For most borrowers, fixed rates are the better choice. The modest savings from a variable rate are not worth the risk of payments skyrocketing later.

What Private Student Loan Rates Look Like Right Now

As of 2026, private student loan APRs range from roughly 4.99% to 17%. Your actual rate depends heavily on your credit score and income, and your cosigner's financial situation if you have one.

Borrowers with excellent credit (750+) and strong income might qualify for rates around 4.99% to 6%. Most student borrowers fall into the 6% to 10% range. Those without strong credit history could face rates of 12% to 17%.

For comparison, federal student loans for the 2025-2026 school year have fixed rates of 6.39% for undergraduates, 7.94% for graduate students, and 8.94% for PLUS loans. The Pell Grant maximum for 2026-27 is $7,395. This is why it is so important to exhaust federal aid and grant options first. However, with the new OBBBA caps on PLUS loans, many families will find that federal borrowing alone is not enough.

The Cosigner Question: What You Really Need to Know

A cosigner is someone, usually a parent, who promises to repay the loan if you cannot. Lenders use the cosigner's credit history and income to decide whether to approve the loan and what rate to offer.

If you have limited credit history or lower income, a cosigner makes approval much more likely and typically gets you a better rate, sometimes 1 to 2 percentage points lower. But this comes with risk for the cosigner. If you miss payments, the lender will pursue them for repayment, and the missed payments hurt their credit score too.

Cosigner Release: Can They Get Off the Hook?

Yes, but it takes time and meeting specific requirements. Here is how the major lenders compare:

Sallie Mae's shorter timeline is a real advantage if your family wants to get the cosigner off the loan faster.

Understanding Fees: Where the Hidden Costs Hide

Origination fees are deducted from your loan amount when you borrow. If you borrow $20,000 with a 1% origination fee, you receive $19,800 but repay the full $20,000 plus interest. Many private lenders charge 0% to 5% in origination fees, though some lenders like SoFi and Earnest have eliminated them entirely.

Prepayment penalties are fees charged if you pay off your loan early. Good news: federal law bans prepayment penalties on private student loans. You can always pay extra or pay the loan off completely without penalty.

Late fees vary by lender. Some, like SoFi, charge zero late fees. Others charge $25 to $35 per missed payment. These are not huge, but they are worth checking before you sign.

Your Repayment Options: Which Makes Sense for You?

Private lenders typically offer four repayment plans. Each affects how much total interest you will pay.

Immediate Repayment

You start making full principal and interest payments right away, even while in school. This minimizes interest. You are not letting debt grow while you study. It is the most expensive on your monthly budget right now but cheapest overall.

Interest-Only Repayment

While in school, you pay only the interest that accrues each month. Principal payments do not start until after graduation or when you drop below half-time enrollment. This prevents your loan balance from ballooning during school. It is a middle ground: lower monthly payments now, but you pay more over the life of the loan.

Deferred Repayment

No payments, principal or interest, while in school. You do not owe anything until six months after graduation. But interest continues to accrue and gets added to your loan balance, so your loan grows substantially. This option is cheapest monthly in school but costs the most overall.

Graduated/Fixed Repayment

A standard payment schedule lasting 10 to 25 years. Monthly payments do not change. Most borrowers choose this path after school ends.

Federal vs. Private Repayment: A Key Difference

One of the biggest differences between federal and private loans is how repayment works if money gets tight. Federal loans offer income-driven repayment plans that adjust your payment based on what you earn. Private loans do not.

Starting July 1, 2026, the federal government is launching the Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP) to replace the SAVE plan, which was terminated. Under RAP, borrowers pay 1% to 10% of their income, with a repayment period of up to 30 years. Existing plans like IBR, PAYE, and ICR remain available for federal borrowers as well.

Private loans have none of these protections. There is no income-driven repayment option and no loan forgiveness program. If your income drops, your private loan payment stays the same. Some lenders offer temporary forbearance, but it is discretionary and limited. This is a critical reason to exhaust federal borrowing before turning to private loans.

Hardship and Forbearance: What Happens If Life Gets Tough

If you face financial hardship, private lenders may offer forbearance, pausing or reducing payments temporarily, but these programs are discretionary and vary by lender. Some lenders are more generous than others. Before you borrow, ask each lender what hardship options they offer. It matters if your job situation becomes uncertain.

The Credit Score Impact

Taking out a private loan does affect your credit. Here is what happens:

  • New hard inquiry: When you apply, the lender checks your credit, which temporarily lowers your score by a few points.
  • New account: Your new loan adds to your credit mix, which usually helps long-term.
  • Payment history: Once you start repaying, making on-time payments builds your credit. Missing payments tanks it.

The key: you and your cosigner should only apply when you are truly ready to borrow. Multiple applications in a short time look bad to lenders.

Comparing the Major Lenders: What Each Brings to the Table

Here is how the five most popular private lenders stack up in 2026:

Sallie Mae

Ascent

College Ave

SoFi

Earnest

For the lowest rates, you will need strong credit (650+ minimum, 700+ for best rates). Each lender has different tolerances for students with lower credit scores.

Challenges and Roadblocks to Watch

  • Rate shopping takes time. You will get your best rate after comparing at least 3 to 4 lenders. Do not settle on the first quote.
  • Your cosigner's finances matter as much as yours. If they have debt or recent late payments, your rate suffers. Have that conversation before applying.
  • Interest accrues aggressively during deferred repayment. If you choose not to pay while in school, your loan balance can grow 20% to 30% by graduation. Do the math before choosing this option.
  • Private loans do not adjust if income drops. A job loss does not lower your payment like it would with federal income-driven plans. Hardship programs exist but are not guaranteed.
  • Variable rates can rise sharply. A 3.5% introductory variable rate can jump to 8% or higher when SOFR shifts. Lock in fixed if you can.
  • New OBBBA caps may catch families off guard. If you were counting on Parent PLUS or Grad PLUS to cover your full gap, you now need a backup plan. Start comparing private lenders early.

The Bottom Line

The 2026 changes under the OBBBA make private loans a bigger part of the picture for many families. With Parent PLUS capped at $20,000 per year and Grad PLUS eliminated for new borrowers, more students will need to shop for private options.

When you compare lenders, focus on APR (not interest rate alone), understand fixed vs. variable rates, and check cosigner release policies. Exhaust federal loans first. Federal rates are fixed for all borrowers, and federal loans come with income-driven repayment plans like RAP, IBR, PAYE, and ICR, plus forgiveness options that private loans will never offer.

When you do borrow private, Sallie Mae, Ascent, College Ave, SoFi, and Earnest all have strengths depending on your situation. Cosigner release timelines range from 12 to 24 months. Fees vary, so ask about origination and late fees upfront. And pick your repayment plan based on your budget now and how much you want to minimize total interest over time.

The lowest rates go to borrowers with strong credit and income, or strong cosigners. Everyone else pays more. That is the reality. So before you commit to private loans, make sure you have exhausted federal options and that your cosigner truly understands the responsibility they are taking on.

Ready to map out your college financing strategy? Create your free CollegeLens plan to see all your options in one place.

Sravani at CollegeLens

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